2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The two GPU models are NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti with 11GB of dedicated memory. Both Sakata Tojuro and Ichikawa Danjuro have carried on as yago, stage names handed down to the actors who continue their methods. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Lower values of FID and KID represent better quality of the generated images, and as the values increase, the generated images become more distorted. To better preserve and study Peking Opera facial makeup, experts and scholars began to digitize Peking Opera facial makeups. Although most of the music was based on vocal pieces or evoked some scene, there were several examples of variation forms that had an important influence on Korean and Japanese forms that followed. For example, up to twenty-six types of eyebrows, are recognizable, including 'saw-toothed eyebrows', 'duck's egg eyebrows', 'butterfly eyebrows', 'willow-leaf eyebrows', 'bat eyebrows', and 'sword eyebrows'. Kabuki Web also provides information on performances abroad, although future international tours are currently up in the air in light of the ongoing pandemic. International Conference on Education and Management (ICEM). Compressed sensing using generative models. The pair commit suicide at a shrine dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane. Tang H, Liu H, Sebe N. Unified generative adversarial networks for controllable image-to-image translation. The small body has a skin or wooden soundboard and an open back. SYH and XR arranged the data of experiment. When on roaring diatribes or eye-bulging monologues, anime characters tend to act in a distinct manner: they utilize hyper-stylized body movements and facial contortions to accompany the vocals. Sakata Tojuro I (1647-1709) was an actor who collaborated with Chikamatsu Monzaemon. When asked by his friend and admirer, the author Alex Kerr, Why did you want to become [a kabuki] actor?, Tamasaburo V answered, Because I longed for a world of beauty beyond my reach. Perhaps this best contextualizes why, after all these years, young actors still yearn to join the archaic world of kabuki. Suriing mabuti ang mga larawan sa ibaba. 2019. p. 14951504, Park T, Liu MY, Wang TC, Zhu JY. Yan M, Lou X, Chan CA, Wang Y, Jiang W. A semantic and emotion-based dual latent variable generation model for a dialogue system. Roppo: movement that simulates walking or running. During the Ming and Qing periods, small ensembles of courtiers or professional musicians could be found at palaces, but the major sources for this kind of chamber music were in the world of the musically inclined business professional or trader. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst. By the same token, a jingxi audience hearing the large gong played alone in the rhythm. The skin is stretched over a set of wooden wedges strapped in a circle with only a small spot in the middle that is completely hollow. The functions of harmonysuch as underlining expression, providing sonic contrast, and creating a sense of forward motionare handled with equal efficiency by rhythm in East Asia, although the methods and sounds are very different from their Western counterparts. In this paper, four image quality assessment metrics, Frechet Inception Distance (FID), Kernel Inception Distance (KID), Structural Similarity (SSIM), and Multi-Scale-Structural Similarity (MS-SSIM), are used to compare the quality of the Peking opera facial masks images generated by several methods applied in this paper [26,27,28]. The transformation process is implemented by Eq. 'saw-toothed eyebrows', 'duck's egg eyebrows', 'butterfly eyebrows', 'willow-leaf eyebrows', 'bat eyebrows', and 'sword eyebrows'. As an integrated stage performance art, the Peking Opera includes the vocal expression through its singing, the behavior expression through body movements, and the visual expression through painted face (See Fig. 1 ). Criteria for classifying Peking opera facial masks. This paper delves into the benefits of different data enhancement approaches to model training. The two major subdivisions are the laosheng (older gentlemen) and xiaosheng (younger gentlemen), with another important subtype being the wusheng (martial men). The birthplace of kabuki is home to the famous Minamiza Theater. The dramatic art form known as Beijing operaor Peking operahas been a staple of Chinese entertainment for more than two centuries. The digitalized technology of Peking Opera facial makeup pattern mainly uses digital modeling technology to build a vector pattern library, and vectored facial makeup can be designed through pattern Comparing Table 1 and Table 2, we can see that the image translation method is obviously superior to the image generation method in this experiment. Za Kabuki, an Australia National University theater group which strives for inclusivity by utilizing both male and female actors, are also ratcheting up interest in kabuki overseas. Both the FID score and KID score of CoCosNET are lower than StyleGAN2-ADA which is the most effective of the image generation methods. Kabuki is also thought to have influenced Western theater since it was introduced to colonial travelers in the late 1800s. In terms of image generation, this paper explores the best data processing in the generative model by applying different data enhancement methods on the StyleGAN2 network. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. The Kabuki Theater of Japan is the ultimate kabuki handbook. 2022;13:125. Beijing opera, one of China's most iconic art forms, has struggled to survive in China even as many of its elements are being used in popular modern media. The lead melodic instrument is the jinghu, a small high pitched two string spike fiddle. Though internationally acclaimed today, its origins were humble and somewhat controversial. Advertisement Answer 18 people found it helpful alieguadalquiver88 Answer: Chinese Peking Opera performers utilize Alternatively, sometimes decorated kabuki masks are used, though these are more common in noh theater. Actors apply their own makeup so they can better understand their character. \({\mathbf{y}}\sim q({\mathbf{y}}|{\mathbf{x}},t)\) stands for the edge distribution that becomes x after t steps of the forward diffusion chain. Actors dancing with umbrellas might indicate a storm. Taking the classification accuracy of the original datasets as the standard, we find that the classification accuracy of the images generated by CoCosNET is closest to the classification accuracy of the dataset (real images) and is the highest among the research methods in this paper. This indicates that the images generated by the StyleGAN2 model are most similar to the real images, while the images generated by the network with the addition of the data enhancement module are less similar to the real images. Lv C, Li Z, Shen Y, Li J, Zheng J. SeparaFill: Two generators connected mural image restoration based on generative adversarial network with skip connect. Kabuki was initially seen as avant-garde, a bizarre niche form of entertainment for the common people. The actors use objects such as whips, trays, weapons, or boxes which they interact with in such a way as to indicate concrete objects or abstract concepts, and participation by the audience is required to complete the understanding. Red represents qualities like passion and anger; blue symbolizes evil or sadness. Privacy Analysis of the performance functions of Peking opera singing can be This sliding gong effect is characteristic of the Beijing sound. In addition, we note that the StyleGAN2 model has the highest SSIM value and MS-SSIM value among the four models. The patterns on the faces are also intriguing, including the way eyes, eyebrows, forehead, nose and mouth are drawn. All the authors contributed to the current work. The classification criteria are shown in Fig. Sheng role Actors faces are coated with oshiroi (white paint) to make them both more visible and dramatic. Songs in Beijing opera are proscribed by a set of common aesthetic values. Operas The Application and Analysis of Opera Costume Elements With proper learning, it is possible to obtain \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{B}}}\) by transforming into A domain. Tickets are usually sold per segment, although in some cases they are also available per act. 13 Things to Know about Japanese Hairpins, Choosing the Best Japanese Futon: All You Need to Know, Gion Kyoto: 20 Must-See Highlights of the Geisha District, The A-Z of Japanese Pottery: 32 Most Popular Ceramic Styles, Junji Ito: 10 Best Stories from Japans Master of Horror, 7 Things You Need to Know About Japanese Joinery, What are Furin? Wang M, Yang GY, Li R, Liang RZ, Zhang SH, Hall PM, Hu SM. When expressing a subdued mood and deep thought, such as a loss, sorrow, or melancholy, the tunes called 'Erhuang' are employed. A Brief History Of Peking Opera - Culture Trip IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol. In order to further evaluate whether the Peking opera facial mask generation task is up to standard, and compare the quality of Peking opera facial mask images generated by image generation and image translation, this paper uses an image classification task to verify. All data for analysis in this study are included within the paper. This is because the real data distribution in GAN training will be disturbed by adding a data enhancement module. The need to communicate in music or in theatre requires the repeated use of aural and visual conventions if an audience is to understand and be moved by the event. So performers need to be excellent singers, dancers, actors, and acrobats. English audio guides are available. Such an approach can form a new Peking opera facial mask style. Article In both traditions, the choices are not arbitrary, and with cultural exposure one comes to recognize the musical intention, even though it is not necessary to know precisely what chord or what rhythm pattern produces an appropriate musical effect. Peking Opera Facial Masks Images Generated by CoCosNET. The simple transformation is used to map \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}}\) and \(r_{{{\mathbf{y}} \to {\mathbf{x}}}}\) to modulation coefficients of the regularization layer, and then the style of the generated images is controlled by modulating the regularization layer. Theres perhaps little point in digging into the world of kabuki without being able to understand the plays themselves. Semantic image synthesis with spatially-adaptive normalization. , t in this Learning activity sheet. Saxophones and other Western instruments may combine with the ubiquitous Chinese fiddles and percussion instruments. 7. 2017. p. 537546, Yang Q, Yu HX, Wu A, Zheng WS. Production elements like costumes, lighting, props, and set design compliment performance aspects such as song and dance. Actors employ many choreographed movements resembling dance, including: Tachimawari: a stage combat technique. The music played by the Peking Opera musicians is not created by a composer, but is based on sets of traditional, codified tunes, with the singing mainly following two sets of tunes. During the last dynasty, collections of qin music and instruction books flourished as part of certain neo-Confucian revivals. Although the gongche system is still widely used, mainland sources generally prefer the number system, which is based on the 19th-century French chev system (which used numerals 17 for the notes of the scale). 2020;2020:2. The conversion relationships are expressed as follows: Where F denotes the transformation relationship from the input domain to the intermediate domain. 2022;13:188. Dost S, Saud F, Shabbir M, Khan MG, Shahid M, Lovstrom B. Yan, M., Xiong, R., Shen, Y. et al. As can be seen from Table 1, the FID score and KID score of StyleGAN2-ADA are the lowest values among the four models. Cookies policy. Intelligent generation of Peking opera facial masks with deep learning frameworks. 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). This paper was supported in part by the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Audio and Video Repair and Evaluation, Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Grant No. A must-have on the bookshelf of any kabuki enthusiast. The image generation model learns the distribution of real images and generates new images, so the diversity of generated samples is higher. At other times the performers will skillfully mime with imaginary objects and virtual tools.