B) plasma. a measurement of the surface temperatures of stars. Because they are shrouded in very thick atmospheres. In 1848, Swiss astronomer Rudolf Wolf used Schwabe and others' results, as well as performing his own observations, to calculate the 11-year cycle and a mathematical method to count the number of. D) The core would heat up, fusion rates would increase, and the core would re-expand. B) weak force B) The rate at which fusion occurs would increase, leading to an expansion of the core, which would in turn cause the temperature to drop back down. impossible, because one cannot have cool stars above the main. C c. E) both B and D. Studies of sunquakes, or helioseismology, have revealed that its original magnitude. they D) Gravitational contraction involves the generation of heat by chemical reactions, much like the burning of coal. E) all of the above. B) about 700,000 kilometers (the radius of the Sun) E. The equator always receives equal hours of day and night. What is the typical length of time between sunspot minimums and sunspot maximum; that is, what is the typical length of the "sunspot cycle"? On a power pole down the block is a transformer designed to step down the voltage for household use. E Sunspots can produce flares and prominences. B Solution. B) With each subsequent peak in the number of sunspots, the magnetic polarity of the Sun is the reverse of the previous peak. C) Like all objects, the Sun emits thermal radiation with a spectrum that depends on its temperature, and the Sun's surface temperature is just right for emitting mostly visible light. C) Nuclei have to be very hot in order to fuse, and the only way to get them hot is to bring them close together. E) the interaction of the Earth's magnetic field with that of the Sun, What observations characterize solar maximum? B) Energy is transported outward by the rising of hot plasma and sinking of cooler plasma. . Solely natural gases, particles, and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans. The middle of the solar cycle is the solar maximum, or when the Sun has the most sunspots. nitrogen oxides and ozone D) they are more likely to have their electronics "fried" by a solar flare during solar maximum. What would happen to the core of the sun if its temperature rose slightly? structure, origin, evolution B very young, because the G and K stars are still evolving towards, b. Sunspots can vary in size from just a few hundred to over 100,000 kilometers across. star, within which planets will eventually form. C) No one understands how it can be possible for neutrinos to be produced in the Sun. a. The dam has a height H = 12 m and a width W = 10 m. Assume that the density of the water is = 1000 kg/m . C) chemical reactions D) a few hundred thousand years ago. Most choices will fit grammatically and will even make sense logically, but you must choose the pair that best fits the idea of the sentence. Which of the following is not a method astronomers use to determine the physical conditions inside the Sun? the difference in amount of incoming shortwave and outgoing longwave radiation. The Sun's rate of fusion is gradually increasing over time. What is the primary source of energy for the Sun? no larger than about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun, otherwise. B. Select only one. D) It quickly meets an ordinary electron, forming an electron-positron pair that remains stable. And the cycle is 11 years, so in the next few years we'll be seeing more sunspots. C. It is critically important in regulating the temperature of the planet. Here's a detailed explanation for each option: Thus, the north magnetic pole becomes the south magnetic pole and vice versa. B) millions of degrees. Every material is composed of microscopic components known as atoms. What was the major drawback to this idea? The Sun continued to contract until the core became hot enough to sustain nuclear fusion. E) composed of iron. No, sunspots do not make the Earth hotter. B. D) Nothing; this is an artist's rendering of the sun. A) watts A elements toward the bottom of a group periodic table generally have higher ionization energies than elements at the top of a group. The distance between corresponding points on any two successive waves is known as the. hotter. A) As the Sun was forming, nuclear fusion reactions in the shrinking clouds of gas slowly became stronger and stronger, until the Sun reached its current luminosity. A) nuclear fission. Three criteria used for classification of the atmosphere are Based on function, the atmosphere has Because of the electromagnetic force, the two protons will b. 8. A) The Sun generates energy by fusing small nuclei into larger ones, while our power plants generate energy by the fission (splitting) of large nuclei. Which of the following is NOT true about the differences between vector data model and, 26) Which of the following is a high-altitude cloud? How do we know what goes on under the surface of the Sun? D. The Northern Hemisphere spring officially begins. B) It is physically impossible to generate heat simply by making a star shrink in size. If an electric hair dryer uses 2,400 J of" energy in 2 s, what is its power? What is the term for loops or sheets of glowing gas ejected from active regions on the solar surface? As the formation of sunspots approaches the Sun's equator, the polarity of the Sun flips. (E). A) Fusion reactions in the Sun ceased a few hundred thousand years ago. Once a year c. Every 2 years d. Every 11 years e. Every 10,000 years 4. In the center section near to the Sun's position, with lower mass, d. The Sun formed from a cloud of gas. C) The core would heat up, causing it to radiate so much energy that it would shrink even more. Which of the following is not true of sunspots? E) a million years ago. It extends through the troposphere into the stratosphere. Sunspots are dark, cooler areas of the solar surface that appear darker when compared to the rest of the surface due to the intense magnetic fields surrounding them. E. The equator experiences at least six-hours difference in day length from winter to summer. D Air consists of? 4) What two forces are balanced in what we call gravitational equilibrium? 30. C. They can be larger in diameter than Earth. . Which of the following types of stars or stellar remnants can have a, mass A) one year ago. A) hydrogen compounds. A. This inhibition of convection causes the temperature of the sunspot to reduce, making it much cooler than its surroundings. A) 5000 AD. Therefore, scientists predict that neutrinos should come from the Sun if fusion is occurring in its core. Instead he found that the number of sunspots varied with a . C) Neutrinos have no electrical charge. Which of the following is true regarding the depletion of ozone in the ozonosphere? is affecting the stratospheric ozone concentration. B. the oblate spheroidal shape of Earth D) The Sun's gas is on fire like flames from wood or coal, and these flames emit visible light. Higher-mass stars run through their lives faster and have shorter, b. 3,200 km (1,988 mi) above the Earth's surface. They often appear in pairs or clusters. Abe Mizrahi, Edward E. Prather, Gina Brissenden, Jeff P. Adams, Jeffrey O. Bennett, Mark Voit, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas O. Schneider, Foundations of Astronomy plus The Night Sky Planisphere - Latitude 30- 40, Chapter 14 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems,. Both natural and anthropogenic gases, particles, and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans. A 26. cycle generates sufficient energy to stop the collapse. Atmospheric pressure increases with altitude and is, therefore, lowest near the Earth's surface. 2. However, we detect far fewer than expected. We can apply our knowledge of how gases behave at different temperatures and densities, which is testable in laboratory environments, to make a mathematical model of the Sun. What evidence then do we have to support our current ideas about the solar interior? - In this case, circle the word le. C) The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. E) Energy is conserved so while the gas moves up and down, there is no net transport of energy. B) nuclear fusion A Expert Answer. the greater the stellar mass, the less the luminosity. D c. With his observations of the phases of Venus, Galileo was able to figure out that the planet orbits the Sun, not the Earth as was the common belief in his time. B) one hundred years ago. The interaction between the magnetic fields and the solar plasma can cause sunspots to become unstable, leading to flares, prominences, and other solar eruptions. What two pollutants react with water to produce acid rain? A) an imbalance in the operation of the solar thermostat B) Higher temperature would cause the rate of nuclear fusion to rise, which would increase the internal pressure, causing the core to expand and cool until the fusion rate returned to normal. B) 100% hydrogen and helium Additionally, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the amount of energy that sunspots emit is so small that it is impossible to measure here on Earth. C) yellow the larger the stellar mass, the larger the luminosity. Similarly if the solar core were to decrease in temperature, the nuclear fusion rate would plummet and gravity would overcome thermal pressure and contract the core. And at minimum you have a minimum number of sunspots, and at maximum, a maximum. D) constantly rising to the surface through convection. an elusive, subatomic particle having little or no mass, and. A) Energy is produced in the convection zone by thermal radiation. What two physical processes balance each other to create the condition known as gravitational equilibrium in stars? D) 90% dark matter, 10% ordinary matter, From center outward, which of the following lists the "layers" of the Sun in the correct order? The overall fusion reaction by which the Sun currently produces energy is B The subsolar point is at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S). How can we best observe the Sun's chromosphere and corona? A) ejected into space in a solar wind. Hydrogen fusion in the Sun requires a temperature (in Kelvin) of A) about one meter C The proton-proton chain is D) nuclear fusion of helium to carbon. Why does the Sun emit neutrinos? sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides Briefly describe the phenomena of the sunspot cycle. A) The Sun becomes much brighter. D) Neutrinos rarely, if ever, interact with your computer. The region principally absorbs gamma rays, X-rays, and interacts with the solar wind. B) The Sun's magnetic field, which plays a major role in the sunspot cycle, affects compass needles that we use on Earth. created the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. produces photochemical smog. C) It has played a role throughout the Sun's history, but it was most important right after nuclear fusion began in the Sun's core. b) Determine how many trucks will be required to complete the job. C) Our understanding of fusion in the Sun suggested that neutrinos should be destroyed before they arrive at Earth, yet neutrinos were being detected. While some sunspots do form with a partner, it is not always the case. A. the revolution of Earth around the Sun D) use computer models to predict interior conditions. E. Atmospheric pressure is greatest in the mesosphere. The solar thermostat is analogous to the thermostat at home: it works to maintain a constant temperature. which of the following is not true of sunspots? a #2 pencil only. c. The Milky Way Galaxy contains over 300 million stars Our solar system consists of 8 planets, more than 100 moons, drawf planets, asteroids, and meteors The planetesimal hypothesis pertains to the formation of the planets. C) The rate at which fusion occurs would decrease, leading to a contraction of the core, which would in turn cause a further temperature rise. surface disturbance on the Sun's surface caused by magnetic storms is called a(n). A B companion, From the center outward, which of the following lists the "layers" of the Sun in the correct order? A) building mathematical models that use the laws of physics B) observing X-ray images of the solar interior using satellites C) detecting solar neutrinos generated in the Sun's core D) measuring Doppler shifts to observe solar vibrations Along the way, changes in the Sun's magnetism produce a greater number of sunspots, more energy and cause solar eruptions of particles. absolute magnitude (or intrinsic brightness) against temperature, 10. B) The problem arose only because experimental data were being misinterpreted; on re-examination, the old data showed that the expected number of neutrinos were being detected. 9. This cluster is, *a. Satellites in low-Earth orbits are more likely to crash to Earth when the sunspot cycle is near solar maximum because answer choices. Which of the following is not true about sunspots? a somewhat irregular but always present cycle of build-up and, d. D 1.A. Reset Help deep-ocean trenches 1. New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time. C) core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona Which of the following statements is NOT true for sunspots? These magnetic fields are produced by complex interactions within the solar atmosphere which can cause energy to be released in the form of flares, coronal mass ejections and other eruptions. A) 1,000,000 K. Solar sunspots are temporary features on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. It occurs in large amounts in the atmosphere relative to other gases, such as nitrogen and oxygen. A) They all have about the same temperature. It is held up by gas pressure due to the very high temperature, b. A) collide. 3. B The presence of sunspots can indicate storms on the sun, which can release bursts of solar energy called solar flares that can interfere with communication systems and cause harm to astronauts in space. Galileo turned his gaze toward Venus, the brightest celestial object in the sky - other than the Sun and the Moon. from single stars, is that it provides, a. is ineffective because so few countries have ratified it. During sunspot minimum, sunspots are far less frequent and the Sun may appear much more uniform in brightness. Both natural and anthropogenic gases, particles, and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans. A) 4 billion years C) This process could not possibly lead to the observed power output of the Sun. A D) The Sun was born with a supply of neutrinos that it gradually emits into space. They are hotter than the surrounding photosphere. Sunspots can also be the precursors to solar flares, which can be dangerous to satellites, astronauts, and electrical grids on Earth. unevenly mixed gases that act independently. C) of increased magnetic interference. Sunspots have distinct temperatures that are between 3000-4000 Kelvin, while the temperature of the rest of the Sun is 5000-6000 K. Sunspots are also constantly changing in shape and size, as their lifespans range from a few hours to several months. A) chromosphere. The movement of electric charges causes magnetism. *d. C) We do not know how to detect electron neutrinos. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The Suns strong magnetic field gets twisted and tangled due to its convection, forming visible sunspot groups. B) There are many sunspots visible on the surface of the Sun. These . A) It was important when the Sun was forming from a shrinking interstellar cloud of gas. black hole, neutron star, white dwarf, *c. A) the uppermost layer of the Sun, lying just above the corona A) Gravitational contraction involves nuclear fusion, which generates a lot of heat. occasionally x rays and visible light. It is based on the surviving letters of Galileo Galilei's daughter, the nun Suor Maria Celeste, and explores the relationship between Galileo and his daughter.It was nominated for the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. C The photosphere is significantly cooler than temperatures at the sun's core, which can reach about 27 million F (15 million C) according to NASA. B) The Sun's mass is about 30 times the mass of Earth. Why do the tropics have a positive net radiation while the poles have a negative value? C) vibrations seen at the solar surface produces the auroras. B ________ is used in a barometer because ________. Which of the following statements about solar sunspots is NOT true? B) Fusion reactions decrease the overall number of particles in the core, causing the core to shrink, converting gravitational potential energy into thermal energy, and increasing the rate of fusion. The first step was measuring the distance to the Sun which then allowed us to calculate how luminous it is and therefore how much energy is needed to power it. Sunspot activity is often observed and studied to gain important data about the Suns atmosphere and the local magnetic environment of the Solar system. A. They occur in regions of lower-than-average magnetic fields. One way to track the solar cycle is by counting the number of sunspots. Laura miraba a Elin con amor. When is/was gravitational contraction an important energy generation mechanism for the Sun? 23. D) the Sun is roughly the same color as blood. This expansion cools the core back to its normal operating temperature. Use (b) Find the frequency of the photon absorbed in the J = 1 to J = 2 transition. B) p + p becomes 2H + energy. Iron nuclei are so large that they occupy all remaining space and, c. C) They are extremely hot and emit all their radiation as X rays rather than visible light. Sunspots are temporary dark spots that appear on the surface of the Sun. C Sunspots can have dramatic effects on the Earths space environment, including the generation of coronal mass ejections, solar flares, and other space weather phenomena. C) small variations in the rate of nuclear energy generation in the solar interior This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The ESSAY. Recommended Amendments to the Comprehensive Plan, sort the following manganese compounds by whether the cation is manganese ii or manganese iii. From which region of the Sun does the solar wind originate? young C) The chromosphere is the source of X rays, and the corona is the source of radio waves. They gradually shrink to the size of the Earth. E. All radio signals pass through this region virtually unaffected. ozone and VOCs. *a. sunspots are brighter than the rest of the A) Nuclear fusion in the Sun's core produces visible light photons. The CFC molecules react with ultraviolet light to release carbon which then destroys ozone. They increase and decrease in number, relatively regularly. B) It is the primary energy generation mechanism in the Sun today. a very small asteroidlike body orbiting the Sun. Sunspots are regions on the suns surface that appear darker than their surroundings because they feature slightly cooler temperatures than their surroundings. Laboratory experiments and theory show that fusion produces neutrinos. C) electromagnetic force Which of the following statements is not true? C) radiation and elements like carbon and nitrogen. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about sunspots? B) Astronomers create mathematical models that use the laws of physics, the Sun's observed composition and mass, and computers to predict internal conditions. A star with spectral type K is cooler than a star with spectral type G. INSTRUCTIONS:Fill Muons are created by cosmic-ray collisions at an elevation h (as measured in Earth's frame of reference) above Earth's surface and travel downward with a constant speed of 0.990c. Inside the Sun, this process begins with protons (which is simply a lone hydrogen nucleus) and through a series of steps, these protons fuse together and are turned into helium.So all A,B,C are produced in nuclear fusion in the sun. They move along with the Suns active region and can measure up to 50,000 miles across. ________ refers to changes in daylength and the Sun's altitude over the course of the year. E) all of the above. They often occur in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity. Every second, the Sun converts about 600 million tons of hydrogen into 596 million tons of helium. Sunspots are generally cooler than the surrounding photosphere because they are formed from regions of disrupted plasma flow. Which statement best describes what was called the solar neutrino problem? A) about 1023 The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a plot of. Nuclear power plants on Earth create energy in the same way as the Sun. B) We can make a computer model of the Sun's interior that allow us to predict the observable properties of the Sun. c) Determine how many gallons of water will need to be added to each truck. D apparent brightness against intrinsic brightness of a group of. The energy requirements are much larger than chemical reactions (i.e., fire) so this was then ruled out. One important aspect of the study of binary star systems, as, distinct (Image credit: SOHO) The first of these refers to strong disturbances to Earth's magnetic field caused by ejected solar. Modelo A Mara (le-les) encantan las pelculas romnticas. Sunspots have been observed by astronomers and recorded since the time of Galileo and they have been used to track solar activity. D) They all occur only in the Sun's photosphere. D) Sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. Earth's curvature, which presents varied angles to parallel solar rays. Sunspots are cooler areas on the sun's surface that are relatively darker than the surrounding surface and are caused by intense concentration of magnetic fields. Because they are moving rapidly away from the Sun and their, spectra D) a thousand years ago. C) We have learned that the Sun's interior undergoes fusion at a lower rate than we had expected, and that is why we had observed fewer neutrinos than expected. D. It is being depleted through interactions with human-produced chlorofluorocarbons. What keeps the Sun's outer layers from continuing to fall inward in a gravitational collapse? This is because large magnetic fields are concentrated in these areas, inhibiting convection and cooling the surface. E) converting gravitational potential energy into electricity. Choose D) 50 billion years. aims to reduce and eliminate all ozone depleting substances. The statement "Sunspots are brighter than the rest of the sun's surface" is false. more sunspots indicate increased solar radiation. Which of the following is TRUE? They collapse and become black holes. During their rotation, the sunspots break up, regroup, and re-form in different configurations, as well as drift across the Suns surface. At the beginning of the period, sunspots form at higher latitudes. One can conclude that meteorologists will be able to improve their weather forecasts based on this information. Describe a Laura y a Elin usando los verbos recprocos. C All latitudes on Earth, except the Equator, experience unequal daylengths. E. More solar energy is radiated when sunspots are fewer. C 6. (B), Which of the following is not a reason for the seasons? C) 600 tons core temperatures reached at this stage of development is. Sunspots are areas that appear dark on the surface of the Sun. Fusion of iron nuclei into heavier nuclei requires energy rather, than Which of the following is not true of sunspots? A mi padre y a m (nos-te) importan los actores de Hollywood. By what process does the Sun generate energy? causes lung irritation, asthma, and susceptibility to respiratory illness in humans. A) They have a tendency to pass through just about any material without any interactions. B) 600 tons C. The subsolar point is at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5 N). *c. They occur in regions of lower-than-average magnetic fields. C) The number of solar flares peaks about every 11 years. C. the orientation of Earth's axis A) The Sun rotates faster at its poles. They exert pressure outward, counterbalancing atmospheric pressure. Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle is not true? B) Fusion in the Sun's core creates neutrinos. Natural precipitation typically falls between pH 7.5 and 8.0. d. What happens to the missing matter? in correct order of increasing temperature? A. Blackbody spectrum B. C) 4 H 4 He + energy. C) Energy is transported outward by the rising of hot plasma and the sinking of cooler plasma. E) lumps of denser material in the Sun, What are coronal holes? A) We can probe the interior of the Sun by studying the vibrations in its photosphere. Solar flares are a sudden explosion of energy caused by tangling, crossing or reorganizing of magnetic field lines near sunspots. A "star" appears to become periodically dimmer for a few hours at, b. D. It results from the burning of fossil fuels. D) converting kinetic energy into electricity B B) At solar minimum, the first sunspots form at mid-latitudes on the Sun. B) 3 He 1 C + energy. E) The Sun is generating energy other than by nuclear fusion. an extremely regular build-up and decay of the number of. They are distributed approximately uniformly over the Sun's surface both in position and in time. As you approach the Sun, you will enter the corona, an extremely hot layer of gas, but so low in density that you won't really feel how hot it is. C The CFC molecules react with ultraviolet light to release chlorine which then destroys ozone. B) gravitational contraction. aims to reduce and eliminate all ozone depleting substances. the BEST answer for each question and, mark Electrostatic forces between the highly charged iron nuclei are, sufficient old, because the G and K stars are already evolving off (away, c. B) The density of the core would decrease, causing the core to cool off and expand. B) Sunspots are brighter than the rest of the Sun's surface. Only about 1/3 of the expected number of neutrinos is observed. D E) We have no evidence, just informed guesses. How gravity behaves at the densest part of the Sun c. Why the outer layers of the Sun are hotter than the surface d. Why sunspots often appear and disappear in pairs e. Why solar activity seems to follow a cycle By measuring Doppler shifts of material on the Sun's surface, we observe vibrations of the surface that are created deep within the Sun. D) about 14 billion light years (the size of the observable universe) Curious about the Sun, Galileo used his telescope to learn more. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. A) the specific set of nuclear reactions through which the Sun fuses hydrogen into helium.
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