The latter mentioned in particular stealth drones it is understood that they were supplied by Israel to Morocco which would have spread the fires in Kabylia. No official source takes a clear position on the military crusade, either for or against. In order to understand what is at stake, it is worth reflecting on several points: - First, for there to be a war, there must be two opposing camps, either alone as countries or in coalition with other allies. [34] Algeria and Cuba planned a major counteroffensive, Operation Dignidad, aimed at driving the Moroccan forces back across the border and capturing Berguent. o The accumulation of war material must reach a level at which victory over the enemy is conceivable. Rabat accused Algerian intelligence of being behind a bombing in the western Moroccan city of Marrakesh and imposed an entry visa requirement on Algerians. Then-Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika attended the funeral of King Hassan II, who died on July 23, 1999, in Morocco as an attempt to mend the relations between the two Arab countries. You can follow Professor Mohamed Chtatou on Twitter: @Ayurinu, 2023 The Times of Israel , All Rights Reserved. Here are the most prominent tensions between the two countries over the past decades: Algeria and Morocco confronted each other militarily over a border dispute in the so-called Sand War in October 1963 following Algerias independence on July 5, 1962. But before this last step, there are others through which Algeria or Morocco defends its vital interests. Morocco and Algeria: will there be war in 2022? The major events of the decade in neighboring countries the change of Ben Alis regime in Tunisia, the overthrow of Gaddafi in Libya, the declaration of independence of Azawad in Mali, in 2012, the French Serval intervention, the attacks of jihadists against the gas site of Ain Amenas in the south in January 2013 are interpreted as evidence of a desire to destabilize the country. Get full access to The Africa Report on all your devices. 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The accumulation of crisis factors between the two countries, the arms race in which they are involved, and the contradictory and largely antagonistic interests of the two countries raise concerns and fears of a possible large-scale armed conflict in North Africa. Source : wikipedia.org worlddata.infoGlobalfirepower================ About Morocco Army English :The Royal Moroccan Army (Arabic: Al-Quwwat al-Bariyah al-Malakiyah al-Maghribiyah, Standard Moroccan Tamazight: tasrdast tagldant) is the branch of the Royal Moroccan Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations.The Royal Moroccan Army is about 215,000 troops strong and consists of 195,000 professional soldiers and 20,000 conscripts. Nor is it particularly helpful that the careers of Moroccan and Algerian security officials, some of whom were recently appointed, are built around the Sahrawi question and thus a sense of antagonism towards the opposing side. Military Strength Comparisons for 2023 - Global Firepower It resulted largely from the Moroccan government's claim to portions of Algeria's Tindouf and Bchar provinces. Morocco and Algeria: the never-ending cold war | Mohamed Chtatou | The Post author: Post published: March 13, 2023 Post category: what font is used for blippi logo Post comments: what if court deadline falls on weekend california what if court deadline falls on weekend california - Some of these stepping stones to armed conflict have already been completed: severance of diplomatic relations; total cooling of economic and trade relations; cancellation of contracts of joint ventures operating in both countries; suspension of the bilateral contract for the joint use of the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline linking Algeria-Morocco-Spain and Portugal; ban on Moroccan civilian and military flights over Algerian airspace; cancellation of international meetings of a multilateral nature in which both countries could be present (absence of the Moroccan and Algerian ministers at the Union for the Mediterranean meeting in Barcelona; suspension of the Russia-Arab World meeting in Marrakesh, to which the Algerian minister was invited; harsh dialectical clashes between the two diplomacies in various United Nations forums). Who would win a war between Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria, Niger, and Chad vs Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, DR Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, and Tanzania? [28] Ironically, at least four AMX-13s had also been donated by Morocco a year earlier. Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune says in a statement his country is ready for any dialogue but asked Morocco to first clarify to Algeria its position on the speech of the Moroccan representative at the UN regarding the Kabylie region. Non- profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.================Chapters :0:00 Primary Information01:16 Land Power02:48 Air Power04:14 Naval Power05:15 End Attention These results are not 100% accurate. ", This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 21:49. King Hassan II of Morocco visited Algiers in March 1963 to discuss the undefined borders, but Algeria's President Ahmed Ben Bella believed the matter should be resolved at a later date. Morocco, in turn, has been receiving about 10% of its gas supply as compensation. Indeed, these tensions could hinder the already fragile regional stability. Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the world The Golden State Warriors will head to the Target Center in Minneapolis to take on the Minnesota Timberwolves on Tuesday, March 1. The GlobalFirepower.com logo is a trademark of this website and is protected by all applicable domestic and international intellectual property laws. Algiers is therefore calling for action by the major powers, particularly those with a seat on the UN Security Council, to enforce the law in this crisis. An aggravating circumstance in such a context was the statement by Yair Lapid, Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs, in Rabat on August 12, 2021, expressing his countrys concerns about Algeria because of its proximity to Iran. Algeria is represented in Morocco by a consulate general in Rabat, and two consulates in Casablanca and Oujda. It advocated social democracy within an Islamic framework and equal citizenship for any resident in Algeria. For foreign chancelleries, there are no compelling reasons for the unilateral severance of diplomatic relations decreed by Algiers on 24 August. [39], The ceasefire was almost jeopardized on November 1, when Algerian troops assaulted a village near Figuig and positioned themselves against the town's airport. The Algerian authorities had previously cut their diplomatic . All major international players are calling on both countries to find a peaceful solution to the crisis, including a pragmatic and definitive political solution to the situation in Western Sahara based on the proposal for advanced autonomy for the region under international guarantees. Why Algeria cut diplomatic ties with Morocco: and implications for the Morocco and Algeria are on the brink of a destructive war? [40], The OAU mediated a formal peace treaty on February 20, 1964. But this perspective itself may still seem too ambitious. Morocco and Algeria: The Widening Gap Between Two Neighbours By Justine Peries On Mar 22, 2022 Algeria's decision to cut diplomatic ties with Morocco in October 2021 has led to fears of a conflict between the two countries that would have dire consequences for the entire Maghreb region. However, in November 2020, following the reopening of the Guerguerat border crossing with Mauritania, occupied by Sahrawi troops, clashes broke out between the Sherifian kingdom and the Polisario Front, threatening the cease-fire put in place in 1991. Since then, relations between Algeria and Morocco have been going downhill withambassadors being recalled,borders closed, accusations for sparking forest fires being thrown around,airspaces being blocked and the killing of three Algerian truck drivers adding fuel to the fire. Let the Morocco and Algeria see who is more powerful. The Sand War laid the foundations for a lasting and often intensely hostile rivalry between Morocco and Algeria, exacerbated by the differences in political outlook between the conservative Moroccan monarchy and the revolutionary, Arab nationalist Algerian military government. In 1940 each of the five territories along the North African coastEgypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Moroccohad a colonial or semi-colonial status under a European power. Tensions between the two neighboring North African countries have been growing, and Algeria's rhetoric points towards an armed conflict. [23] However, Hassan was reluctant to authorise it, fearing that another battle would prompt further military intervention from Algeria's allies. Morocco abandoned its attempts to control Bchar and Tindouf after OAU mediation. Algeria responded by closing its land border with Morocco, which is still in force. Bilateral relations warmed as Rabat prepared for a visit by the then-Algerian Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia and his delegation to sign several agreements. Algerian foreign minister Ramtane Lamamra announced the severing of diplomatic relations with Morocco over what he termed as successive aggressive steps. In this regard, after his election, the President of the Republic Abdelmadjid Tebboune said that the authentic blessed Hirak movement has saved Algeria from a real catastrophe, which almost caused the collapse of the State, stressing that the recent demonstrations have unknown organizers and were no longer unified in terms of ideas, demands or slogans.. READ MORE Morocco/Algeria : Tensions on the rise after Algerian show mocks the King. In 1903, France also began expanding westwards towards Bechar and Tindouf. Countries similar in appearance but heterogeneous in fact. He is, also, a specialist on political Islam in the MENA region with interest in the roots of terrorism and religious extremism. Nations are listed by their formal names in alphabetical order (A-to-Z). For decades, Algeria and Morocco have been at loggerheads over the Western Sahara conflict between the Polisario Front independence fighters, who proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in 1976 supported by Algeria since the departure of the former Spanish colonial power in 1975 and Morocco, which currently administers and occupies this former colony, considering it an integral part of the Sherifian kingdom. According to the investigation by the Forbidden Stories Consortium and Amnesty International, about 6,000 Algerian phone numbers including some belonging to senior political, military, and intelligence officials, including current Foreign Minister Ramtane Lamamra, as well as the current and former army chief of staff were identified as targets of the Pegasus software, which was marketed by the Israeli company NSO in 2019. Called the War of the Sands, this war refers to the attack of the Algerian army on Moroccan troops which caused the death of 12 Moroccan soldiers. Rabat turns to US and French suppliers, while Algiers sticks with Russian-made military goods. Although the Moroccan state did not interfere in the annexation of the Tuat region, several Moroccan tribes independently sent volunteers to fight against the French. The Algerian government expressed its deep concern on this issue, considering these actions as an inadmissible systematic violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms which also constitutes a flagrant violation of the principles and norms governing international relations, and automatically attacked Morocco without any substantial evidence: Algeria expresses its deep concern over the revelations made by a consortium of several media bodies with a high professional reputation and revealing the widespread use by the authorities of some countries, and notably Morocco, of a spyware called Pegasus to spyon Algerian officials and citizens, as well as journalists and human rights defenders worldwide.. Algeria said it repelled Moroccan ambitions for land on the border, while Rabat said it retaliated against the border provocations of the Egyptian-backed Algerian army. Algerian authorities suspected that Morocco was inciting the revolt, while Hassan was anxious about his own opposition's reverence for Algeria, escalating tensions between the nations. Complete the form and download, for free, the highlights from The Africa Reports Exclusive Ranking of Africas top 200 banks from last year. Please enable Javascript in order to access to this story. Get your free PDF by completing the following form. For the time being, however, all attempts have failed despite the autonomy plan proposed by Rabat and the claim of a referendum by the Polisario Front. Rising tensions between the two countries could tarnish the picture in the eyes of the international community, or at least raise its concern. In the absence of a positive and appropriate response from Rabat to these actions, the Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it had recalled its ambassador in Rabat for consultation with immediate effect pending the taking of other possible measures depending on the evolution of this case and in particular the position of Morocco on this particularly dangerous drift. Despite the fact that important sectors of public opinion and political groups are opposed to the outbreak of hostilities, in the event of conflict it is foreseeable that there will be "patriotic unity for the defence of the country". Who would win in a war between Portugal and Morocco? - Quora [23] Terms of this agreement included a reaffirmation of the previously established borders in Algeria's favor and restoration of the status quo. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), created in 1976, is supported by Algiers, which even agrees to shelter its leaders and hundreds of thousands of Sahrawi refugees on its soil. The war began on the night of October 31, 1954. Clearly, neither Algeria nor Morocco wants an open conflict with inevitably catastrophic consequences for both countries. Morocco vs Algeria Military Comparison 2022 | Who Would Win? But I will answer your question to the best of my ability. So, it is quite a risky position to take.". It was critically important to the course of World War II. Why is Netflix pouring billions into South Korean shows? King Mohammed's son, King Hassan II, who succeeded him, made claims over Algerian territory. Though relations between the brotherly countries have never been without bumps in the road, Morocco and Algerias chilly ties have given way to open hostility over the past few months. Morocco and Algeria: A Long Rivalry - Carnegie Endowment for The Algerian High-Security Council (HCS), an organ of consultation between the President of the Republic, the army, and the security services, declared on August 18, 2021, in a statement, that, the incessant hostile acts perpetrated by Morocco against Algeria required the revision of relations between the two countries and the intensification of security control at the Western borders. Please use the following structure: example@domain.com, Send me The Times of Israel Daily Edition. [32], French sources reported Algerian casualties to be 60 dead and 250 wounded,[6] with later works giving a number of 300 Algerian dead. During the Cold War, the late King Hassan II used this conflict as an instrument, drawing a parallel between the Western Sahara conflict and the confrontation between East and West, citing Algerias ideological proximity to the USSR. It was also notable for ushering in the first multinational peacekeeping mission carried out by the Organisation of African Unity. The Moroccan kingdoms proactive approach to diplomacy within African institutions has led, in a little over a year, several African countries to open consulates in Western Sahara. She believes that neither side can really afford to push the envelope too far. Discredited for its inability to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic as well as the fury of the fires ravaging Kabylia, Algeria has accused Morocco of complicity in these fires denounced as hostile acts.. But Algeria's president, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, has already warned Morocco that "their killings will not go unpunished,"as the state news agency APS reports. [11][30] They possessed forty T-54 main battle tanks that they had purchased from the Soviet Union, twelve SU-100 tank destroyers, seventeen AMX-13s, and a fleet of gun-armed Panhard EBR armored cars. Today, one must consider that this consensus is dead. Morocco and Algeria: The Widening Gap Between Two Neighbours Tensions between Algeria and Morocco were at their highest this past summer. [5] The demilitarized zone was maintained in the meantime, monitored by the OAU's first multinational peacekeeping force. [23], Multiple actors, including the Arab League, Tunisia's Habib Bourguiba, Libya's King Idris, and Ethiopia's Emperor Haile Selassie, sought to moderate negotiations. Only the last of these leads to the outbreak of hostilities, because once the machinery of war has been set in motion, turning back becomes very difficult, if not impossible. As for Algeria, it is, also, an important partner of the European Union, but it is deeply marked by its history of a long period of French colonization (1830-1962). Allied Military Operations in North Africa | Holocaust Encyclopedia Simply use the dropdowns below to select your global powers. The killing of thethree drivers on a desert road is the latest peak in a series ofgrowing tensionsbetween the two Maghreb states that support opposite sides of the dispute over the Western Sahara territory, a former Spanish colony. [26] The Moroccans were determined to adjust the border, which the Algerians would not allow, resulting in an impasse. The desire to adopt the European model is such that Morocco even went so far as to apply for membership in the European Union in 1984. Though Algerias official press service, Algrie Presse Service, routinely picks up these stories, they are a perplexing mix of fact and fiction. The GFP country comparison form is provided to allow you to make direct, side-by-side comparisons of any two world powers represented in the GFP database. Morocco-Algeria relations: What fuels the escalation? - DW Since 1975, the dominant issue between the two countries has been the conflict in Western Sahara.After the former colonial power Spain withdrew its forces and handed control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, Algeria threw its support behind the local Sahrawi people's claims for self-determination and the Polisario movement fighting on their behalf. But another debate that MANY have debated was that of Madara vs Aizen, and now . [13] Beyond that there is only one border area, without limit, punctuated by tribal territories attached to Morocco or Algeria. "There might be some effort to whip up support domestically and to try and create an enemy which therefore empowers the Algerian elite and the regime again. Look at Vietnam. Relations between the two North African states have been marred by several crises since their independence, particularly the 1963 Sand War, the . Moroccan activism, Algerian tension President Abdelmadjid Tebboune accused Morocco of supporting the Kabyle pro-independence organization MAK (Mouvement pour lautodtermination de la Kabylie), classified since last May as a terrorist by the same HCS. [39] After the four leaders met alone on October 30, a truce was declared. [23] Morocco finally abandoned all claims to Algerian territory in 1972 with the Accord of Ifrane, though Morocco refused to ratify the agreement until 1989.[43]. [22] The French government refused. - Quora Algiers denounced on August 18, 2021, the incessant hostile acts perpetrated by Morocco against Algeria. A presidential statement confirms that Tebboune had given the order to not renew the contract "in light of the hostile behavior of the (Moroccan) kingdom which undermines national unity.". But before this last step, there are others through which Algeria or Morocco defends its vital interests. The deterioration of relations between the two Maghreb brothers has, indeed, worsened after the recent rapprochement between Morocco and Israel. In the event of a balance, as is currently the case, neither will dare to take the first step. [4] In case of war or state of siege, an additional force of 150,000 Reservists[citation needed] and paramilitary forces, including 24,000 regulars of the Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie and 30,000 Auxiliary Forces come under the Ministry of Defense command.. About Morocco Army Arabic :The Royal Moroccan Army (Arabic: ) . 215 195 20 . And it does not help that Algiers embarked on an anything but brotherly arms race some 15 years ago that spurred Rabat to do the same, with Algeria buying up Russian-made military gear and Morocco turning to Western weapons suppliers. Not a week goes by without a new report of an attack on Moroccos defensive wall. That's why debates like Goku vs. Superman, Link vs. War in the Sahara: 1963 - JSTOR [36] Its forces included twenty-two T-34 tanks, eighteen 120-mm mortars, a battery of 57-mm recoilless rifles, anti-aircraft artillery with eighteen guns, and eighteen 122mm field guns with the crews to operate them. This view is echoed by Sonja Hegasy who is convinced that "both countries don't have any interest in waging a war on this conflict, so the most realistic scenario is that the bilateral relations are going to continue to stagnate. This is part three of a five-part series. Rabat responded saying the accusations were false and that it regretted the decision. [40] However, a Malian officer arrived on November 4 and enforced the Bamako Accord, ending the hostilities. Solar panel initiatives are already up and running but Morocco isfar from being energy-sufficient enough to cover such a loss. Even within the African Union, Algerias virtual monopoly on the Peace and Security Council, which previously gave the country a platform where it could discuss the Sahrawi question whenever the pan-African institution convened, is a thing of the past. However, the "sources" are anonymous, which leaves a certain amount of uncertainty. In previous times, for example, during the so-called War of the Sands in 1963, the war clashes in 1976, and in the 1980s in the midst of an armed confrontation between the Moroccan armed forces and the Polisario Front guerrillas, which resulted in thousands of deaths, wounded and prisoners, diplomatic relations between Algeria and Morocco were maintained. o Neither country has a fifth column within the enemy. An unwritten dissuasive consensus united the two regimes, Algerian and Moroccan, not to use Kabylia and the Rif as an extension in their conflict over Western Sahara. The GFP country comparison form is provided to allow you to make direct, side-by-side comparisons of any two world powers represented in the GFP database. But the war is affecting the wider region in ways that are undeniablemost notably by feeding the rivalry between Morocco and. "Morocco is in a difficult position where it needs to repair its relationship with the EU at the moment, and particularly now it wants to complete that process so it can focus its diplomatic efforts on the situation with Algeria. He invaded the country in 1963. Andrew Wells-Dang on U.S.-Vietnam Ties 50 Years After the Paris Peace Accords. [32] The Algerians attacked the town of Ich on October 18, enlarging the war to the North. The land border closed between the two countries since 1994, and the ongoing diplomatic war on the Western Sahara issue has been added to the case of the call for independence of Kabylia in recent months and the spectacular rapprochement of Morocco with Israel. One of the reasons that Death Battle was born was due to the fact that since the dawn of versus debates, people discussed who would win, who could winbut rarely ever did the full work to prove who could win. It is plain to see that neither Morocco nor Algeria want a full-blown conflict, as it would have disastrous consequences. Progress on the issue has been at a standstill ever since Morocco and the Polisario Front signed a cease-fire agreement in 1991, but Rabat recently scored a few diplomatic wins, such as the United States' move to recognise Moroccan sovereignty over the territory in late 2020. The Supreme Security Council in Algeria, headed by Tebboune, accused Morocco of continuing with its hostile acts and called for bilateral relations to be reviewed and security monitoring on the western borders to be tightened. Morocco caught up with Algeria . The movement, led by the newly formed FLN, issued a leaflet stating that its aim was to restore a sovereign Algerian state. In addition, Morocco has been keen on mending ties with various European countries, among them Germany, after several fallouts in the past year. Moroccos ambassador to the UN, Omar Hilale, called for the independence of the Kabyle people in Algeria during a meeting of non-aligned countries. Against the backdrop of the dispute over Western Sahara, relations between Algiers and Rabat have recently deteriorated further. Morocco-Algeria: Looming Conflict - Politics Today who would win a war between morocco and algeria The situation is now more complex with the emergence of the POLIS ARIO Front in Spanish Sahara. "Alone at Home" children's play debuts at Sharjah Children's Reading Festival 2023. [5] The United States feared the escalation and internationalization of the war, particularly wanting to avoid Soviet intervention, and therefore advocated for the peaceful resolution of the conflict. (1954-1962). ( ) .================COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER UNDER SECTION 107 OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT 1976 Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for \"fair use\" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.
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