1st New York and militia unable to prevent Johnson's retreat to Canada. Sergt. With the help of French engineers, American and French troops begin to dig a series of parallel trenches, which bring troops and artillery close enough to inflict damage on the British. October 19. On the morning of October 19, the British sent forward a red-coated drummer boy, followed by an officer waving a white handkerchief to the parapet. Mathias Fredom After nightfall on October 14, the allies fired several consecutive shells in the air that brilliantly illuminated the sky, Chernow writes. York Sick at F [14] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-17, 1781. Sick at F Found in the Collection of Muse de l'Histoire de France, Chteau de Versailles. The mission was a success, with the King agreeing to send muskets, mortars, gunpowder, and cash to America. On September 5, while the Allied army is still on route, the French fleet guards the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. I've attached Muster Roll of John Althause's Company of New The British still had 30,000 men in North America, occupying the seaports of New York, Charles Town and Savannah, according to Taylor. Description books of sappers, miners, artificers and the like, 1756-1833, are in WO 54/310-316. Then,Lt. Col. Alexander Hamiltons force, consisting of a detachment of 400 of his light infantry, assaults redoubt #10 with bayonets fixed and muskets unloaded. The latter was comprised of three companies, two of which were commanded by Captains William Ferguson and Patrick Duffy. The French commander was a respected officer named Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau. It is so dramatic, in fact, that playwright and composer Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote his own version of the fictional tune to cap the Battle of Yorktown scene in his Broadway hit Hamilton. Aerial. James Button These freemen were conscripted, illegally detained, and held as slaves after their enlistments expire. Gen. Anthony Wayne, February 26 and April 8, 1781, and Wayne to Washington, May 26 and July 8, 1781, Founders Online website, accessed January 12, 2017; A General Return of the American Artillery & Stores Appropriated Thereto with the Army in Virginia Sept 22 1781, GLC02437.01187, GLI; George W. Kyte, General Wayne Marches South, 1781, Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 30 (1963): 305-307; Berg, Encyclopedia of Continental Army Units, 26; Orderly Book of the Siege of Yorktown (Philadelphia: Horace W. Smith, 1865), 35-36; Frances B. Heitman, Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army During the War of the Revolution (Washington: W.H. Knox brought together the four elements described above in a Corps of Artillery at Yorktown. Oct . They could strike a decisive blow to the British in New York City or aim for the south, in Yorktown, Virginia, where Gen. Charles Lord Cornwalliss troops were garrisoned. 09:00 to 17:00. General George Washington and his Continental Army had a decision to make in the spring of 1781. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield. Note that "F" is for Fredericksburg Missing The Battle of Yorktown proved to be the decisive engagement of the American Revolution. The 10-Miler is both a Peninsula Track Club Grand Prix Event and Hampton Roads Super Grand Prix Event. The 1st Maryland Regiment under William Smallwood was held in reserve. All rights reserved Knox assigned Lafayette one company each from the 2nd and 3rd Continental Artillery Regiments under Capt. Accessibility All Rights Reserved. Contact Us Tools. Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783; Microfilm Publication M246, 138 rolls; NAID: 602384; War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records, Record Group 93; The National Archives in Washington, D.C. Counting only those in the first parallel yields a total of thirty-eight pieces. Proclaimed traitors to the US 1778. . The siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the surrender at Yorktown, or the German battle because of the presence of Germans in all three armies, began September 28, 1781 and ended on October 19, 1781, in Yorktown, Virginia. The musters, service records and attestation papers of the German and Swiss Legions are in WO 15, searchable by regiment in our catalogue. Wm. On June 17, 1775, as British redcoats marched up the heights of Bunker Hill outside of Boston, Massachusetts, they were met with a hail of musketry from the defenders of the earthen redoubt. Thomas Lynch Montgomery, ed., Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series (Harrisburg: Harrisburg Publishing Company, 1906), 3:1021, records that among the wounded artillerymen was Henry Love of Pennsylvania who lost a leg during the siege. Name For the colonies, the long struggle for independence was leading to enormous debt, food shortages, and a lack of morale among the soldiers. NARA M246. Those of the Italian Legion no longer survive. Harrisburg: Harrisburg Publishing Co. Harrisburg, Pa., Harrisburg Publishing Co., state printer, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Regimental histories, Pennsylvania -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Sources, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Registers, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). "Oh God, it is all over!" The British, in hostile territory, held only a few coastal areas in America. On receiving word that the French fleet will be available for a siege south of New Jersey,Washington and Rochambeau move their force of almost 8,000 men south to Virginia, planning to join and lead about 12,000 other militia, French troops, and Continental troops in a siege of Yorktown. and Stevens, GLC02437.01228, GLI. 19, 1781 With the mission refocused on taking Cornwalliss army in Yorktown, the French continued their trek for 300 miles and five weeks and helped win a critical victory for the Americans. [3] The seven companies are mentioned in the assignments for responsibility of ordnance in Regimental Orders, October 1, 1781, Orderly Book of the Second Regiment of Continental Artillery, MS2003.12, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia. May 1780: Sir John Johnson leads Royal Greens, Rangers, and Indians in raid on Johnstown and Caughnawaga. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! PA Revolutionary War Records from Archives. Lieut. Sick at F Colonial National Historical Park - Yorktown Battlefield P.O. George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799 . Watch our webinar on Army musters more than just accounts which tells you what you can discover in the records. Montgomery, Thomas Lynch. [14], In addition to the field officers, captains and captain-lieutenants were assigned each day to command in the batteries. 10. Niagara Falls Assortment, 1 Box. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. For the militias contribution see William W. Reynolds, The Virginia Militia at the Siege of Yorktown, Military Collector & Historian 67 (2015): 175-176. See Mercenaries for the Crimea by C C Bayley (London, 1977). Journal of the American Revolution is the leading source of knowledge about the American Revolution and Founding Era. Althause's Company of New York Volunteers Aerial Assortments. Much of the 1862 Yorktown battlefield encompasses the 1781 battlefield of the American Revolution. Roseman A British sentry fires at the Americans and the Americans proceeded to assault the fortification, climbing over the parapet and descending into the redoubt. They also assisted Capt. Present 19, 1781 Information of genealogical interest includes the application itself, which can provide the soldiers name, rank, unit, time of service, age, date of birth, residence, and sometimes birthplace. Prime Minister Frederick North exclaimed upon hearing of the Yorktown surrender, writes Alan Taylor in American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804. In this encounter, called the Battle of the Capes, the British fleet is soundly defeated and forced to abandon Cornwalliss army at Yorktown. On October 18, 1781, the British army surrendered at Yorktown. You can browse these by regiment. Of his 400 infantrymen, Hamilton lost just nine in the attack, with some 30 wounded, while the 400 French-led troops lost 27 men, with 109 wounded, according to Fleming. During the day beginning on October 14 American artillerymen suffered one killed and two wounded, while the next day two men were killed and three wounded. Required fields are marked *. Death Finds a Way: A Janie Riley Mystery by Lorine McGinnis Schulze, Organize Your Genealogy in Evernote in 10 Easy Steps, Immigration (Ships Passenger Lists, Naturalization, etc), From Van Valkenburg to Vollick: The Loyalist Isaac Van Valkenburg aka Vollick and his Vollick & Follick Children. To view the muster roll or pay list itself you will need to order the original document. This database contains applications for membership in the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution approved between 1889 and 31 December 1970. 2. The calculation mentioned in the text does not account for men required as guards or laboratory workers, but is overly conservative in assuming that Knox would deploy throughout the siege all of the artillery he transported to Yorktown. The British Army marched out with colours cased, and drums beating a British or a German march. In 1777, a delegation headed by Benjamin Franklin arrived at the court of Louis XVI to negotiate an alliance between the United States and France. The 3rd Regiment had been raised primarily in Massachusetts. This small diverse group performed brilliantly, winning the respect of their French counterparts. Aerial Assortments. 40, no. 10 siege would be led by Colonel Alexander Hamilton. While he awaits supplies and much-needed reinforcements from the Royal Navy, the Continental Army seizes an opportunity. Oct . Physicians and Surgeons with Washington at Valley Forge. Muster rolls for the other two regiments for early 1782 are proxies for the September 1781 rolls. Why did the French send troops to aid the Continental Army in the War for Independence? Starting at the historic Surrender Field, the course is mostly flat with a some . $249.99 Add to Favorites . At that point, Hamilton and his men rallied from their trenches and sprinted across a quarter-mile of field with fixed bayonets. Wayne left York, Pennsylvania in late May and joined Lafayette in central Virginia on June 11. Washington's Officers at Valley Forge. This series of battles and Nixon's presence in New York starting in July further support the idea that Freeman served at Saratoga and not Brandywine and witnessed a pivotal turning point in the American Revolution. Althause is my Each series is searchable in Discovery, our catalogue. But the world truly changes that day as the military operations of the War for Independence cease. The Battle of Yorktown (Sep 28, 1781 - Oct 19, 1781) was the final battle of the American Revolution, fought between Colonial troops and the British Army at Yorktown, Virginia. Mustor (muster) books and pay lists: General series: Cavalry (Swift, 1984), Amanda Bevan, Tracing your Ancestors in the The National Archives (The National Archives, 2006), J Gibson and M Medlycott, Militia lists and musters, 1757-1876: a directory of holdings in the British Isles (Federation of Family History Societies, 2004), William Spencer, Army Records: A guide for family historians (The National Archives, 2008), William Spencer, Records of the Militia and Volunteer Forces 1757-1945 (Public Record Office, 1997), For quick pointersTuesday to Saturday Every two days each pair of officers switched assignments between the batteries and the park. 19, 1781 All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. By October 17 most of the British artillery facing the allied forces had been silenced and Cornwallis had taken nearly 500 casualties. His artillery consists of three 24-pounders, three 18-pounders, two 8-inch (203 mm) howitzers, and 6 mortars, totaling 14 guns. The outcome in Yorktown, Virginia marked the conclusion of the last major battle of the American Revolution and the start of a new nation's independence. The overall dates are 1756 to 1900, but for most regiments there are volumes for the first half of the 19th century only. Please note, a small selection of muster rolls and pay lists from WO 12 are available online via Ancestry (). At that time, musicians played in the regiment in which they enlisted, not in a large massed band. With the Continental Army positioned in New York, Washington and Rochambeau teamed to plan a timed attack on Clinton with the arrival of more French forces. Aerial. Search by name of regiment and specify the appropriate record series from the table below. 19, 1781 The Siege of Yorktown began subsequent to the movement of about fifty thousand American and French soldiers and sailors to eastern Virginia, twenty-eight thousand sailors and marines in the French blockade fleet and twenty-two thousand American and French soldiers surrounding the British Army on land. General Nathanael Greene had taken over command of the American Continental Army in the South. Private 9 and No. The legend about the British singing a popular tune called The World Turned Upside Down originated 30 years after the war in Alexander GardensAnecdotes of the American Revolution2ndseries (Charleston, 1828), p. 18. When British General Lord Charles Cornwallis and his army surrendered toGeneralGeorge Washingtons American force and its French allies at the Battle of Yorktown on October 19, 1781, it was more than just military win. Surrender at The superb work of the French gunners at Yorktown deserves an account of its own. A new parallel trench, 400 yards closer to the British lines, was ordered by Washington on October 11, but completing it would entail taking out the British redoubts No. After six years of war, both the British and Continental armies were exhausted. The siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the surrender at Yorktown, or the German battle, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of the American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, and French Army troops led It is all over. Ebenezer Denny, an American soldier who witnessed the event, noted in his journal the low British morale, as their drums beat as if they did not care how. Denny does not note any singing. [5], Washington had ordered Maj. Gen.Marquis de Lafayette to take 1,200 Continentals from the army in New York to Virginia in February 1781 to oppose British forces then threatening that state, instructing Lafayette to confer with General Knox concerning needed artillery support. The Founding Father wasnt the top pick of Major General Marquis de Lafayette for the job, but Hamilton, who wanted to improve his reputation by proving himself on the battlefield, talked Washington into it. But I guess since, Appreciated Stuarts podcast and learned a lot. Can she solve the mysteries of the past and the present before disaster strikes? During the Crimean War, men were recruited abroad to form the British German Legion, the British Italian Legion, and the British Swiss Legion. William Feltman (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1853), 18; Diary of Captain James Duncan, of Colonel Moses Hazens Regiment in the Yorktown Campaign, 1781, Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series (Harrisburg: E.K. We dont know. Regular military units created by the Continental Congress comprised the Continental Army. The books themselves are in alphabetical order of soldiers names. Lancaster 24 April 1782 Sick at F Oct . Harrisons second-in-command was the versatile and capable Lt. Col. Edward Carrington. While their greatest contribution was to relieve the artillerymen of duties which took them away from the firing line, such as guarding the artillery park, maintenance of fortifications, and hauling ammunition from the artillery park to the batteries, many of the auxiliaries worked in the laboratory and batteries under direction of Knoxs men. To trace a mans army career by way of the musters, you will have to know the name of his regiment. You can browse these by regiment. The 450 officers and 5,300 men of Rochambeaus Expeditionary Forces landed off the coast of Rhode Island in July 1780. Michael Rayen l Thomas Quint [18], Daily reports by the field officer of the batteries were required to mention casualties as well as ammunition consumed. Militia, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Regimental histories, Pennsylvania -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Sources, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Registers Publisher The heavy cannons pounded the British mercilessly, and by October 11 had knocked out most of the British guns, the Army Heritage Center Foundation states. v3.0, except where otherwise stated, British Army muster rolls and pay lists c.1730-1898, 3. Previously served with Emmerichs Chasseurs in 1777. Absent Why The siege was a decisive Franco-American victory: after the surrender of British Lt. Gen. Charles, Earl Cornwallis on October 17, the government of Lord North fell, and its replacement entered into peace negotiations that resulted . Today, well preserved Union and Confederate Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. redoubts) with artillery batteries and connecting trenches. British redoubts #9 and #10 prevent the second parallel from extending to the river and the British are still able to reinforce the garrisons inside the redoubts. Lowdermilk & Co., 1893), 140, 160. The Field Officer of the Trenches was also supposed to report daily on the apparent effect on the enemys works of the bombardment, but the fact that none of the nine reports contain such information indicates that the damage to the British works was obvious. Chester County Revolutionary War reparation requests & reported losses. [10] Jerome A. Greene, The Guns of Independence: The Siege of Yorktown, 1781 (New York: Savas Beatie, 2005), 198; Harold L. Peterson, Round Shot and Rammers (Harrisburg: Stackpole Books, 1969), 66; The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., (Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1937), 177-178; Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment of Continental Artillery, New Jersey & New York, John Lamb Papers, New York Historical Society, New York, NY, entries for October 9-16, 1781; RWPAs S8403 for Edward Elley, S38039 for Thomas Hood, S8731 for Claiborne Howard, and S17593 for George Moore. In the afternoon, the Allied barrage begins, with the French opening the salvo. They are found at the end of each quarter (or the beginning for regiments stationed in India). Cornwallis received the unfortunate (for him) news that Clinton's departure from New York had been delayed.. Research our Records The National Archives holds records relating to military service during the Revolutionary War, including both Continental troops and state troops that served as Continental troops. Alternatively, search The National Archives Library to see what is available to consult at Kew. American victory. Their forces were well-equipped and expertly trained. The Allied armies marched hundreds of miles from their headquarters north of New York City to Yorktown, making theirs the largest troop movement of the American Revolution. Althause's Company of New York Volunteers At the time, British forces were fighting on two fronts, with General Henry Clinton occupying New York City, and Cornwallis, who had already captured Charleston and Savannah, in South Carolina. These men cleaned shot, made cartridges, and proved and filled shells. Now, there was revenge - the Patriot rallying cry Tarleton's Quarter 37. Lists numbers of prisoners taken 19 October 1781 in the British surrender of Yorktown (excluding marine prisoners). Oct . If you are working backwards through the musters, you may need to find the previous regimental number of a 2nd battalion. Credit: Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images, How Alexander Hamilton's Men Surprised the Enemy at the Battle of Yorktown, https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/siege-of-yorktown. Since the artillerys draft horses had travelled overland and only arrived in early October, moving the guns to the Artillery Park at Yorktown was not accomplished until October 6. Dead [13] Henry P. Johnston, The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis 1781 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1881), 174; William Feltman, The Journal of Lieut. [9], Knox undoubtedly knew before he left New York that he would not have trained gunners sufficient for the number of pieces of siege artillery he planned to take to Yorktown, and this muster provided confirmation.
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